ACM A.M.Turing award チューリング賞歴代受賞者
If we see ACM(Association for Computing Machinery) A.M. Turing Award through the generative history of logic, mathematics, and computation from the 19th to the 21st century, it reveals that the Turing Award serves as the engine that bridges abstract pure thought with physical, generative reality to create computable value onto the world.
19世紀から21世紀にかけての論理学、数学、計算の創造的な歴史を通してACM（Association for Computing Machinery）のA.M.チューリング賞を見てみると、チューリング賞は抽象的な純粋思考と物理的で創造的な現実を結びつけ、世界に計算可能な価値を生み出す原動力として機能していることがわかる。
1960年代 (1966 – 1969)
| Award Year | Name | Birth Year | Key Paper / Seminal Work | Core Contribution |
| 1966 | Alan J. Perlis | 1922 | Report on the algorithmic language ALGOL 60 (1960) | Advanced programming techniques and compiler construction. |
| 1967 | Maurice V. Wilkes | 1913 | Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer (1951) | Design of EDSAC (the second stored-program computer) and program libraries. |
| 1968 | Richard Hamming | 1915 | Error detecting and error correcting codes (1950) | Numerical methods, automatic coding systems, and Hamming codes. |
| 1969 | Marvin Minsky | 1927 | Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry (1969) | Creating, shaping, and advancing the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). |
1970年代 (1970 – 1979)
| Award Year | Name | Birth Year | Key Paper / Seminal Work | Core Contribution |
| 1970 | James H. Wilkinson | 1919 | Rounding Errors in Algebraic Processes (1963) | Numerical analysis, linear algebra computations, and “backward” error analysis. |
| 1971 | John McCarthy | 1927 | Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine (1960) | Foundational contributions to AI and the creation of the LISP language. |
| 1972 | Edsger W. Dijkstra | 1930 | Letters to the Editor: Go To Statement Considered Harmful (1968) | Science and artistry of programming languages; structured programming. |
| 1973 | Charles W. Bachman | 1924 | The Data Structure Diagram (1969) | Outstanding contributions to database technology (Network Model). |
| 1974 | Donald E. Knuth | 1938 | The Art of Computer Programming (Book Series, 1968–present) | Analysis of algorithms, programming language design, and TeX. |
| 1975 | Allen Newell | 1927 | Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search (1976) | Co-contributions to AI, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing. |
| 1975 | Herbert A. Simon | 1916 | Administrative Behavior (1947) / Human Problem Solving (1972) | Co-contributions to AI and the study of human decision-making processes. |
| 1976 | Michael O. Rabin | 1931 | Finite Automata and Their Decision Problems (1959) | Co-introduction of Nondeterministic Automata, which defined computational complexity. |
| 1976 | Dana S. Scott | 1932 | Toward a mathematical semantics for computer languages (1971) | Foundational work in mathematical semantics of programming languages. |
| 1977 | John Backus | 1924 | Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann Style? (1977) | Design of high-level systems (FORTRAN) and formal procedures for language specification. |
| 1978 | Robert W. Floyd | 1936 | Assigning Meanings to Programs (1967) | Methodologies for creating efficient and reliable software; parsing algorithms. |
| 1979 | Kenneth E. Iverson | 1920 | A Programming Language (Book, 1962) | Mathematical notation and programming language theory; creation of APL. |
1980年代 (1980 – 1989)
| Award Year | Name | Birth Year | Key Paper / Seminal Work | Core Contribution |
| 1980 | C. Antony R. Hoare | 1934 | An axiomatic basis for computer programming (1969) | Definition and design of programming languages; Hoare Logic and Quicksort. |
| 1981 | Edgar F. Codd | 1923 | A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks (1970) | Fundamental contributions to the theory of Relational Database Management Systems. |
| 1982 | Stephen A. Cook | 1939 | The complexity of theorem-proving procedures (1971) | Advancing our understanding of computational complexity (NP-Completeness). |
| 1983 | Dennis M. Ritchie | 1941 | The UNIX Time-Sharing System (1974) | Development of generic operating systems theory and implementation of the C language. |
| 1983 | Ken Thompson | 1943 | Reflections on Trusting Trust (1984) | Development of generic operating systems theory and the creation of UNIX. |
| 1984 | Niklaus Wirth | 1934 | The Programming Language Pascal (1971) | Developing a sequence of innovative computer languages (Pascal, Modula-2). |
| 1985 | Richard M. Karp | 1935 | Reducibility among combinatorial problems (1972) | Analysis of combinatorial algorithms, identifying many classic NP-complete problems. |
| 1986 | John E. Hopcroft | 1939 | Formal Languages and Their Relation to Automata (Book, 1969) | Fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures. |
| 1986 | Robert E. Tarjan | 1948 | Depth-First Search and Linear Graph Algorithms (1972) | Linear graph algorithms and data structure breakthroughs (co-recipient with Hopcroft). |
| 1987 | John Cocke | 1925 | Everyman’s Guide to RISC (1982) | Contributions to compiler theory, architecture of large systems, and RISC architecture. |
| 1988 | Ivan Sutherland | 1938 | Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system (1963) | Pioneering and visionary contributions to computer graphics (Sketchpad). |
| 1989 | William Kahan | 1933 | Analysis of Algorithms for Floating-Point Arithmetic (1972) | Fundamental contributions to numerical analysis; primary architect of IEEE 754. |
1990年代 (1990 – 1999)
| Award Year | Name | Birth Year | Key Paper / Seminal Work | Core Contribution |
| 1990 | Fernando J. Corbató | 1926 | An Experimental Time-Sharing System (1962) | Pioneering development of general-purpose, large-scale time-sharing systems (CTSS, Multics). |
| 1991 | Robin Milner | 1934 | A Calculus of Communicating Systems (1980) | Development of LCF, ML (programming language), and CCS (concurrency theory). |
| 1992 | Butler W. Lampson | 1943 | Designing a Distributed System (1983) | Contributions to personal distributed computing environments and workstation design. |
| 1993 | Juris Hartmanis | 1928 | On the computational complexity of algorithms (1965) | Foundational research that established the field of computational complexity theory. |
| 1993 | Richard E. Stearns | 1936 | On the computational complexity of algorithms (1965) | Establishing the field of computational complexity theory (co-recipient with Hartmanis). |
| 1994 | Edward Feigenbaum | 1936 | Knowledge Engineering: The Applied Side of Artificial Intelligence (1980) | Pioneering the design and construction of large-scale expert systems. |
| 1994 | Raj Reddy | 1937 | Speech Recognition: Turning Theory into Practice (1976) | Pioneering construction of large-scale AI systems, particularly speech recognition. |
| 1995 | Manuel Blum | 1938 | A Machine-Independent Theory of the Complexity of Recursive Functions (1967) | Foundations of computational complexity theory and its applications to cryptography. |
| 1996 | Amir Pnueli | 1941 | The temporal logic of programs (1977) | Introducing temporal logic into computer science and program verification. |
| 1997 | Douglas Engelbart | 1925 | A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect (1968) | Inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and inventing the computer mouse. |
| 1998 | Jim Gray | 1944 | Transaction Concepts: Virtues and Limitations (1981) | Baseline contributions to database and transaction processing research (ACID properties). |
| 1999 | Frederick P. Brooks | 1931 | The Mythical Man-Month (Book, 1975) | Contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering. |
2000年代 (2000 – 2009)
| Award Year | Name | Birth Year | Key Paper / Seminal Work | Core Contribution |
| 2000 | Andrew Yao | 1946 | Protocols for Secure Computations (1982) | Foundational contributions to the theory of computation, communication complexity, and cryptography. |
| 2001 | Ole-Johan Dahl | 1931 | SIMULA 67 Common Base Language (1968) | Pioneering ideas fundamental to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) via Simula. |
| 2001 | Kristen Nygaard | 1926 | SIMULA 67 Common Base Language (1968) | Co-invention of object-oriented programming (Simula language framework). |
| 2002 | Leonard Adleman | 1945 | A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems (1978) | Co-invention of the RSA public-key cryptosystem and DNA computing. |
| 2002 | Ronald L. Rivest | 1947 | A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems (1978) | Co-invention of the RSA encryption system and highly practical cryptographic protocols. |
| 2002 | Adi Shamir | 1948 | How to share a secret (1979) / RSA paper (1978) | Co-invention of RSA and brilliant contributions to cryptanalysis and secret sharing. |
| 2003 | Alan Kay | 1944 | The Early History of Smalltalk (1993) | Pioneering contemporary object-oriented languages (Smalltalk) and personal computing. |
| 2004 | Vinton G. Cerf | 1943 | A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication (1974) | Pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and architecture of TCP/IP. |
| 2004 | Robert E. Kahn | 1938 | A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication (1974) | Creating the foundational architecture of the Internet and co-designing TCP/IP. |
| 2005 | Peter Naur | 1928 | Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60 (1963) | Defining the Backus-Naur Form (BNF) and fundamental work in compiler design. |
| 2006 | Frances E. Allen | 1932 | Program Optimization (1969) | Pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques. |
| 2007 | Edmund M. Clarke | 1945 | Design and Synthesis of Synchronization Skeletons Using Temporal Logic (1981) | Co-development of Model Checking into a highly effective verification technology. |
| 2007 | E. Allen Emerson | 1954 | Design and Synthesis of Synchronization Skeletons Using Temporal Logic (1981) | Co-development of Model Checking automated software/hardware verification. |
| 2007 | Joseph Sifakis | 1946 | Verification of System Properties by Means of Functional Equations (1982) | Co-development and independent refinement of Model Checking tools. |
| 2008 | Barbara Liskov | 1939 | Abstraction Mechanisms in CLU (1977) | Contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of language and system design (LSP). |
| 2009 | Charles P. Thacker | 1943 | Alto: A Personal Computer (1979) | Pioneering design and realization of Alto, the first modern personal computer. |
2010年代 (2010 – 2019)
| Award Year | Name | Birth Year | Key Paper / Seminal Work | Core Contribution |
| 2010 | Leslie G. Valiant | 1949 | A theory of the learnable (1984) | Transforming the theory of machine learning via Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning. |
| 2011 | Judea Pearl | 1936 | Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems (Book, 1988) | Fundamental contributions to AI through the development of a calculus for probabilistic reasoning. |
| 2012 | Shafi Goldwasser | 1958 | Probabilistic Encryption (1984) | Laying the foundations of modern cryptography via complexity-theoretic zero-knowledge proofs. |
| 2012 | Silvio Micali | 1954 | Probabilistic Encryption (1984) | Revolutionizing modern cryptography and foundational mechanisms for verification (co-recipient). |
| 2013 | Leslie Lamport | 1941 | Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System (1978) | Imposing clear ordering and causality in Distributed Systems ($Paxos$, $LaTeX$ system). |
| 2014 | Michael Stonebraker | 1943 | The Design and Implementation of INGRES (1976) | Fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems. |
| 2015 | Whitfield Diffie | 1944 | New Directions in Cryptography (1976) | Inventing public-key cryptography and revolutionary key-exchange protocols. |
| 2015 | Martin Hellman | 1945 | New Directions in Cryptography (1976) | Co-invention of public-key cryptography and the Diffie-Hellman algorithm. |
| 2016 | Tim Berners-Lee | 1955 | Information Management: A Proposal (1989) | Inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and protocols (HTTP, HTML). |
| 2017 | John L. Hennessy | 1952 | Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (Book, 1990) | Systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures. |
| 2017 | David A. Patterson | 1947 | Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (Book, 1990) | Quantitative approach to computer hardware architecture and energy-efficient RISC design. |
| 2018 | Yoshua Bengio | 1964 | A Neural Probabilistic Language Model (2003) | Conceptual breakthroughs that made Deep Learning a critical component of modern computing. |
| 2018 | Geoffrey E. Hinton | 1947 | Learning representations by back-propagating errors (1986) | Foundational engineering of backpropagation and development of modern Deep Neural Networks. |
| 2018 | Yann LeCun | 1960 | Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition (1998) | Invention and propagation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). |
| 2019 | Edwin E. Catmull | 1945 | A subdivision algorithm for computer display of curved surfaces (1974) | Fundamental contributions to 3D computer graphics and computer-animated filmmaking. |
| 2019 | Pat Hanrahan | 1954 | A Language for Shading and Patterned Texture Execution (1990) | Contributions to 3D computer graphics, rendering rendering engines, and shading languages. |
2020年代 (2020 – 2025)
| Award Year | Name | Birth Year | Key Paper / Seminal Work | Core Contribution |
| 2020 | Alfred V. Aho | 1941 | The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms (Book, 1974) | Fundamental algorithms and theory underlying compiler implementation and language tools. |
| 2020 | Jeffrey D. Ullman | 1942 | Principles of Compiler Design (Book, 1977) | Co-authoring definitive textbooks that shaped a generation of computer scientists in compiling and data. |
| 2021 | Jack Dongarra | 1950 | LINPACK Users’ Guide (Book, 1979) | Pioneering contributions to numerical algorithms and libraries for high-performance computing (HPC). |
| 2022 | Robert M. Metcalfe | 1946 | Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer Networks (1976) | Invention, standardization, and commercialization of Ethernet networking technology. |
| 2023 | Avi Wigderson | 1956 | Hardness vs Randomness (1994) | Foundational contributions to the theory of computation, particularly the role of randomness. |
| 2024 | Andrew Barto | 1948 | Neuronlike adaptive elements that can solve difficult learning control problems (1983) | Foundational contributions to Reinforcement Learning (RL) and its integration into AI systems. |
| 2024 | Richard S. Sutton | 1957 | Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences (1988) | Establishing the core framework of Reinforcement Learning, including Temporal Difference (TD) learning. |
| 2025 | Charles H. Bennett | 1943 | Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing (1984) | Fundamental contributions to establishing Quantum Information Science and inventing BB84 protocol. |
| 2025 | Gilles Brassard | 1955 | Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing (1984) | Co-inventing quantum cryptography and quantum teleportation, defining physical computational limits. |